A Proposal For Creating A 100 % Hipaa Environment For Your...

Good Afternoon Dr. Kasper and Charles, I hope everyone is having a great Friday! After careful considerations and due-diligence into several different options - both cloud and in-house, I have attached a proposal for creating a 100% HIPAA environment for your dental practice. HIPAA is a tough thing to break down into simple terms and the proposal is very complex, as it combines one-time costs, yearly costs, and monthly costs. At the request of Charles, I am providing the proposal in its entirety to you in advance. I shall take a moment from here to go over a few points on the idiosyncrasies of both options and some food for thought on each. Cloud option: The Cloud is one of the best options for small businesses in Healthcare. With the right set-up, you may pass-through all of your local connections, including x-ray machines, directly through to the cloud in a protected HIPAA compliant fashion. This gives you incredible flexibility and is a completely hands-off approach in compliance with all materials that are in the cloud. ClearData, a leader in security and cloud technologies should provide you with a server to store all data, virtual desktops for each of the employees, and handle all security-related tasks for the cloud environment (SIEM, Log Analysis, Security Events, Management, Vulnerabilities, Anti-Virus, and patching). The Cloud quote contains two sets of services, a server and virtual desktop environments for each of the employees. The server and desktopsShow MoreRelated2006 Arroyo Case Study31910 Words   |  128 Pagesat (800) 898-4506 before submitting your form. i 2006 Eligibility Certification Form Page 2 of 7 Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award 5. Applicant Status—continued b. Has your organization ever been a Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award recipient? (Check one.) X J Yes J No If you checked â€Å"No,† proceed to item 6. c. If yes, was your organization an Award recipient in 2000 or earlier? (Check one.) J Yes J No If you checked â€Å"No,† your organization is not eligible to reapplyRead More2006 Arroyo Case Study31910 Words   |  128 PagesProgram Office at (800) 898-4506 before submitting your form. i 2006 Eligibility Certification Form Page 2 of 7 Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award 5. Applicant Status—continued b. Has your organization ever been a Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award recipient? (Check one.) X J Yes J No If you checked â€Å"No,† proceed to item 6. c. If yes, was your organization an Award recipient in 2000 or earlier? (Check one.) J Yes J No If you checked â€Å"No,† your organization is not eligible to reapply thisRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesThis online teaching and learning environment integrates the entire digital textbook with the most effective instructor and student resources With WileyPLUS: Students achieve concept mastery in a rich, structured environment that’s available 24/7 Instructors personalize and manage their course more effectively with assessment, assignments, grade tracking, and more manage time better study smarter save money From multiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visualRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pagesperiod profits for seven years in a row. In summary, it is evident that the transition of HR management at GE Fanuc and at Bank of Montreal has enhanced organizational competitiveness and success.1 4 Section 1 HR Management—Strategies and Environment â€Å" HR should be defined not by what it does, but by what it delivers. DAVID ULRICH Human Resource (HR) management The design of formal systems in an organization to ensure the effective and efficient use of human talent to accomplishRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 Pages90 Review Questions 92 †¢ Discussion Questions 92 †¢ Bibliography 93 Chapter 4 The Data Resource 95 Why Manage Data? 96 Technical Aspects of Managing the Data Resource The Data Model and Metadata Data Modeling 98 Database Programming 100 97 97 Contents Managerial Issues in Managing Data Principles in Managing Data 101 101 The Data Management Process 106 Data Management Policies 110 Review Questions 114 †¢ Discussion Questions 114 †¢ Bibliography 114 ̈ CASE

Nostradamus Essay - 969 Words

Nostradamus nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the 16th century, a French doctor and prophet, Michel de Nostradame, was born. He gained his fame when his predictions of the death of King Henry II of France came true. Nostradamus, as he is also known, wrote a ten volume book, The Centuries, filled with prophecies. He became a man that people from all over the world came to see to seek his counsel. Nostradamus had a life filled with many twists and turns and has made many prophecies that have come true during the twentieth century. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;His grandfathers were the first people to notice his display of talent for prophecy when Nostradamus was very young. His grandfathers taught him a wide range of subjects: classical†¦show more content†¦He helped many people get better from this sickness except his own family. All of them died as a result of the plague. When people heard that he could not even save his own family, his reputation was ruined. He escaped Agen under cover of darkness, heading toward Italy. For the next six years, he wandered in Europe on â€Å"a journey of self-discovery.† (Hogue 16.) It was during this time that his prophetic powers came to life. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Once he settled down again in the city of Salon, he remodeled a floor in his house to make it his private study. There he installed his collection of magical devices: astrolalus, divining rods, magic mirrors, and a brass bowl and tripod. He studied at night and people sometimes wondered what the doctor could possibly be doing while others slept. In 1544, he then published his fist almanac of prophecies. This is where his quatrains were first used in his writings Quatrains are four line poems. The success of this almanac encouraged him to publish one every year until his death. In 1554, he began writing his most famous book, The Centuries. It was to have ten volumes with each containing one hundred quatrains. 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Light-Induced Transformation of Amyloplasts Into Chloroplasts Free Essays

string(144) " tissue as assayed by Ouchterlony double diffusion 0 h \(1\), 6 h \(2\), 12 h \(3\), 24 h \(4\), 48 h \(5\), and 72 h \(6\) after illumination\." Plant Physiol. (1984) 75, 142-145 0032-0889/84/75/0 142/04/$01. 00/0 Light-Induced Transformation of Amyloplasts into Chloroplasts in Potato Tubers’ Received for publication November 9, 1983 and in revised form January 19, 1984 YU S. We will write a custom essay sample on Light-Induced Transformation of Amyloplasts Into Chloroplasts or any similar topic only for you Order Now ZHU, DENISE L. MERKLE-LEHMAN, SHAIN D. KUNG* Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Catonsville, Maryland 21228 ABSTRACT The transformation of amyloplast into chloroplasts in potato (Solawum tuberosum L. ) tuber tissue can be induced by light. Excised potato tuber discs illuminated with white light of 3000 lux bepgn to synthesize chlorophyll after a lag period of 1 day, and continued to synthesize chlorophyll for 3 weeks. In this paper we present evidence, based on ultracentrifugal sedimentation and immunoprecipitation, that the lightmediated synthesis of Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase began 1 day after illumination with white light. When illuminated the chloroplasts isolated from light-grown potato tuber tissue incorporated I3SImethionine into polypeptides, one of which has been idenified as the large subunit of Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase. These chloroplasts are functional as determined by 02 evolution in the Hill reaction. A great deal of data is now available on the biochemistry of the development of chloroplasts from etioplasts (6). Much less is known about the development of chloroplasts from amyloplasts, a starch storing organeile, which exists in storage tissue, roots, and some callus. It is well known that potatoes turn green on exposure to light for several days. Not only does the study of the organelle transformation and light-regulated gene expression stimulate theoretical interest, but the greening of potato also has some practical importance, since the greening of the potato is accompanied by the formation of the poisonous alkaloid, solanine (5). The morphological and ultrastructural changes in the development of chloroplasts from amyloplasts were described in several electron microscopic studies (3, 11). In this communication we present some biochemical evidence to show the function of chloroplasts from potato tuber based on the biosynthesis of Chl, RuBPCase,2 and Hill activity. lates in sterile Petri dishes (9 cm), 40 discs per dish. The discs were illuminated at room temperature by fluorescent tubes with intensity of 3000 lux. Chlorophyll and RuBPCase Determination. Chl was determined according to Arnon (2). RuBPCase was detected with a Model E analytical ultracentrifuge, as previously described (9). Schlieren pictures were taken at 44 ,770 rpm, 10 min after attaining this speed. An Ouchterlony double diffusion test was employed to determine the RuBPCase specifically. The antiserum was prepared against RuBPCase from tobacco (15). Light-Driven Protein Synthesis in Choroplasts. Ten g of green potato tuber discs which had been exposed to white light for 7 d were homogenized in a Waring Blendor with cold isolation buffer (sucrose 0. 35 M, Hepes-NaCl 25 mm, EDTA 2 mM, isoascorbateNa 2 mm, pH 7. 6) and filtered through 2 layers of Miracloth. The resultant filtrate was centrifuged at 30g for 1 min to remove starch granules, and the supernatant was then centrifuged at 2500g for 1 min. The pellet was resuspended in 1 ml of KCI suspension (KCI 0. 2 M, Tricine-KOH 66 mm, MgCl2 6. 6 mM). The chloroplast suspension was transferred to a Petri dish (3 cm in diameter) and incubated with [135S]methionine (10 ,uCi) at room temperature under white light (4000 lux). During a 2 h incubation, the incorporation of [35S]methionine into proteins was measured. After the 2 h incubation the radioactive polypeptides were separated on an SDS-polyacrylamide gradient gel (815%), followed by fluorography as described by Blair and Ellis (4). 02 Evolution Assay. The ability of chloroplasts from potato tuber discs to evolve 02 was measured in the Hill reaction ccording to the procedure of Marsho et al. (12). The incubation system consisted of ferricyanide 1. 7 mm, methylamine 3 mm, glyceraldehyde 10 mm, and chloroplasts corresponding to 15 yg of Chl in a total volume of 0. 6 ml. The reaction was initiated by irradiation with red light (22. 4 mw/cm2). The 02 evolution was measured and recorded with a polarograph. RESULTS MATERIAILS AND METHODS Chlorophyll Synthesis in Light-Illuminated Potat o Tuber. Our Preparation, Culture, and Light Treatment of Potato Tuber experiments showed that the greening of potato tuber depended Discs. Centennial and Katahdin, two varieties of potato tubers on varieties, storage temperature, light intensity, and wavelength supplied by the United States Department of Agriculture were of light. Out of more than ten varieties of potatoes tested, two used in this study. The tubers were peeled and sterilized with varieties, Centennial and Katahdin, which turn green more Amphyl (National Laboratories, Lehn and Fink Industrial Prod- quickly under light, were selected in this study. Storage of potato ucts Division of Sterling Drug Inc. , New Jersey). Discs (10 x 2 tuber below 4 °C retarded or inhibited the transformation of mm) were made with a sterile cork borer and a gel slicer. These amyloplasts into chloroplasts. Blue light was most effective in discs, after washing in sterile water, were placed on 1% agar inducing greening of potato tubers. No red light stimulation was observed. Potato tuber discs illuminated with white light began to green ‘ Supported by National Institutes of Health grant CM22746-01 and with a lag period of about 1 d. The greening continued for 3 United States Department of Agriculture agreement 58-32044157. 2 Abbreviations: RuBPCase, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase; weeks after culture (Fig. 1). After illumination for 3 weeks, the potato tuber tissue contained 10 Ag Chl/g of fresh tissue, about LS, large subunit. 142 TRANSFORMATION OF AMYLOPLASTS IN POTATO TUBERS 143 14 oct[L] 15 – a) 121 10 101 5 C-) 8 x 0 ct [D] Days After Illumination FIG. 1. Time course of the synthesis of chlorophyll in potato tuber discs during continuous illumination with white light. lAt [D] By 0 15 I †¦.. AAt [L] i _x- 60 120 90 Time (min) FIG. 3. Incorporation of [35S]methionine into proteins in the lightdriven chloroplast protein synthesis system. -M1 samples were added to 20% TCA containing 10 tg/ml unlabeled methionine. Proteins were precipitated with 5% TCA containing 10 Mg/ml unlabeled methionine, and counted with a Mark I scintillation counter. Ct, chloroplasts; At, amyloplasts (control); L, light-incubated; D, dark-incubated. FIG. 2. Biosynthesis of RuBPCase in potato tuber tissue as as sayed by Ouchterlony double diffusion 0 h (1), 6 h (2), 12 h (3), 24 h (4), 48 h (5), and 72 h (6) after illumination. You read "Light-Induced Transformation of Amyloplasts Into Chloroplasts" in category "Essay examples" The central well contained antibody to LS. One g of potato tuber discs was homogenized with 0. 1 ml of Tris 80 mm, MgCl2 20 mm, KCI 40 mM, pH 8. . After centrifugation at 12,000g for 10 min, 20 Ml of the supernatant were used for assay of RuBPCase. hundredth of the Chl content in normal leaves. This is primarily due to fewer chloroplasts per cell. The chloroplasts were not distributed uniformly in discs and were probably linked to some specific ultrastructure in the cortex. Microscopic observation revealed that the amyloplasts were comprised of two types: large (55 x 80 Mm) and small (5-20 Mum). Most of them were stainable with I2-KI. Upon exposure of the discs to light the small amyloplasts only turned greenish. RuBPCase Biosynthesis in Potato Tuber during Greening. Since RuBPCase is the most abundant soluble protein in the chloroplasts (10), it can be used as an important biochemical marker of chloroplasts. The de novo synthesis of RuBPCase was clearly demonstrated by ultracentrifugal sedimentation (data not shown) and specific immunoprecipitation (Fig. 2). The Schlieren pattern of extracts from normal leaves consists of four peaks representing 80S cytoplasmic ribosomes, 70S chloroplast ribosomes, 18S Fraction I protein (RuBPCase), and 4 to 6S Fraction II proteins (8, 9). The extract from potato tuber stored in the dark lacked the peak of RuBPCase, whereas a small peak was observed in discs exposed to 3 d of light, indicating the light one initiated the synthesis of RuBPCase (data not shown). The biosynthesis of RuBPCase was also demonstrated by an Ouchterlony double diffusion assay (Fig. 2). The light-mediated synthesis of RuBPCase started at 1 d after illumination and increased during greening. The RuBPCase content was estimated to be -6 ,ug/g fresh potato tuber tissue, whereas the RuBPCase content of a typical green leaf is 5 to 10 mg/g fresh tissue (10). Further evidence for the de novo synthesis of RuBPCase in light-treated potato tuber was obtained from the experiment on light-driven protein synthesis in chloroplasts. The chloroplasts, isolated from potato tuber discs after illumination for 7 d, exhibited a higher activity of protein synthesis, as demonstrated by the incorporation of [35S]methionine into proteins (Fig. 3). In contrast to light-driven protein synthesis in chloroplasts, the chloroplasts in the dark and especially amyloplasts, either in the light or dark, exhibited a very low protein synthesis activity. A number of radioactive polypeptides synthesized in the chloroplasts in the light were recognized on SDS-polyacrylamide gels followed by fluorography (Fig. 4). It was observed that some chloroplast polypeptides (mol wt 39,000, 50,000, 52,000, 55,000, 94,000, 96,000) were synthesized more readily in the light than in the dark. One of these polypeptides co-migrated with purified unlabeled LS of RuBPCase (mol wt 52,000), and was identified as the LS, based on this and results presented in Figure 2. There is also one strongly light-initiated polypeptide (mol wt 64,000) which does not appear in the dark. 02 Evolution of Chloroplasts from Light-Induced Potato Tubers. Upon illumination with red light, the chloroplasts, isolated from light-treated potato tuber discs after 3 weeks of light treat- 144 Plant Physiol. Vol. 75, 1984 ZHU ET AL. sure to light, the amyloplasts are transformed into chloroplasts, which have a different function. The changes in ultrastructure of potato tuber amyloplasts during greening were investigated by electron microscope. It was shown that the main developmental features were elongation of vesicles into thylakoids, the differentiation of grana and the appearance of ribosomes in the stroma (3), although the ultrastructure is generally less well developed compared to that for normal leaves. On the other hand, there is very little information on biochemical alterations in potato tuber during greening. To confirm the transformation of amyloplasts into chloroplasts, this study provides some biochemical evidence: (a) the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments, (b) the synthesis of RuBPCase and other proteins, and (c) Hill reaction activity. Before illumination the potato tubers contain no Chl or Pchl, but do contain carotenoid which increases during greening (1). Very low light intensity (400 lux) was required to initiate greening. The light may penetrate into the potato tuber discs and evoke the development of chloroplasts from amyloplasts. During the development of chloroplasts from amyloplasts, assembly of Chl into the newly synthesized membranes occurs. Cold storage may cause the breakage of membranes (13); however, some studies suggested that amyloplast membranes remain intact in cold storage (14). It was frequently observed that the chloroplasts were formed as streaks in the potato tuber discs, suggesting a special structure is linked to the chloroplast development. The Schlieren pattern of the extracts from light-induced potato tuber tissue as well as its immunoprecipitation reaction with antiserum to RuBPCase demonstrated that RuBPCase, an important enzyme in the photosynthetic carbon cycle, was de novo synthesized during greening. This result was further confirmed by the active light-dependent protein synthesis in the isolated chloroplasts. The biosynthesis of RuBPCase during greening suggests the involvement and operation of CO2 assimilation in the chloroplasts. Furthermore, the photosynthetic function of electron transport and 02 evolution in isolated chloroplasts from potato tuber was shown by the high Hill reaction activity. The transformation of amyloplasts into chloroplasts is absolutely light-dependent. The fact that red light did not stimulate this transformation indicates that phytochrome may not participate in this regulation. This coincides with the result that potato tuber does not have phytochrome (7). What is the photoreceptor in this light-induced organelle transformation? How does light turn on the genes for the development of chloroplasts, and turn off the genes for the development of amyloplasts? Undoubtedly, this system provides an attractive and challenging model for investigations into the molecular mechanisms underlying the photoregulation of development and gene expression. FIG. 4. SDS-PAGE of light- (1) and dark- (d) initiated polypeptides synthesized in chloroplasts isolated from light-treated potato tuber discs. (R) photograph of stained gel. L) fluorograph of (R). Arrows indicate the mol wt of light-stimulated polypeptides and band corresponding to LS. Although the dark-incubated sample was more concentrated than the light-incubated sample (R), the fluorograph (L) indicates there was more incorporation of [35S]methionine into the light-induced polypeptides than into the dark-initiated polypeptides, demonstrating that more polypeptides were synthesized in the light tha n in the dark. The samples were incubated with [35S]methionine for 120 min. ment, evolved 02 using ferricyanide as an electron acceptor. This Hill reaction activity is comparably high (177 Amol 02/mg Chl h), indicating that an active electron transport reaction took place in this chloroplast preparation. DISCUSSION The cells of potato tuber contain a large number of amyloplasts, whose function is to accumulate and store starch in the form of reserve starch granules. It is of interest that upon expo- Acknowledgments-We thank Dr. Ray Webb of United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland for providing us with different varieties of potato, and F. J. Xi for her help in determination of Hill activity. LITERATURE CITED Development of chloroplasts from amyloplasts in potato tuber discs. New Phytol 72: 449-463 2. ARNON DI 1949 Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidase 1. ANSTIS PJP, DH NORTHCOTE 1973 in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiol 24: 1-15 3. BADENHUIZEN NP, R SALEMA 1976 Observations of the development of chloroamyloplasts. Rev Biol (Lisb) 6: 139-155 4. BLAIR GE, RJ ELLIS 1973 Protein synthesis in chloroplasts 1. Light-driven synthesis of the large subunit of fraction I protein by isolated pea chloroplasts. Biochim Biophys Acta 319: 223-234 5. FORSYTH AA 1954 British Poisonous Plants. Her Majesty’s Stationery office, London 6. KIRK JTO, RAE TILNEY-BASSErr 1978 The plastids. Growth and Differentiation of Plastids. Part I. Formation of the Chloroplast during Greening of the Enolated Plant. Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp 720-773 7. KOUKKARI WL, WS HILLMAN 1966 Phytochrome levels assayed by in vivo spectrophotometry in modified underground stems and storage roots. Physiol Plant 19: 1073-1078 TRANSFORMATION OF AMYLOPLASTS IN POTATO TUBERS 8. KUNG SD 1977 Expression of chloroplast genomes in higher plants. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 28: 401-437 9. KUNG SD, PR RHODES 1981 Hormonal effects on the biosynthesis of tobacco RuBPCase in vitro. Beitr Tabakforsch Int I 1: 44-49 10. KUNG SD, TC Tso 1978 Tobacco as a potential food source and smoke material: soluble protein content, extraction, and amino acid composition. J Food Sci 43: 1844-1852 11. LoBov UP, PI BONDAR 1977 The RNA of potato tuber amyloplasts. Fiziol Rast 24: 318-322 12. MARSHO TV, PM SOKOLOVE, RB MACKAY 1980 Regulation of photosynthetic 145 electron transport in intact spinach chloloroplasts. Plant Physiol 65: 703-706 13. OHAD I, I FREIDBERG, Z NEEMAN, M S(CHRAMM 1971 Biogenesis and degradation of starch 1. The fate of the amyl,loplast membrane during maturation and storage of potato tubers. Plant Phyysiol 47: 465-477 14. WETZSTEIN HY, C STERLING 1978 Integri’ ity of amyloplast membranes in stored potato tubers. Z Pflanzenphysiol Bd 90DS: 373-378 15. ZHU YS, PS LovErr, DM WILLIAMS, SID KUNG 1983 Nicotiana chloroplast genome 7 expression in E. coli and BB. subtilis of tobacco and Chlamydomonas chloroplast DNA sequences cooding for the large subunit of RuBP carboxylase. Theor Appl Genet 67: 3333-336 How to cite Light-Induced Transformation of Amyloplasts Into Chloroplasts, Essay examples