The Scarlet Letter, Guilt, And Its Effect On A Person

When was the last time you felt guilty? What did you do to make you feel that way, and were you punished for it? In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Scarlet Letter, guilt, and its effect on a person are explored in two well-defined characters; Hester Prynne and Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale. Guilt can be disastrous to a person’s health, well-being, and internal spirit, as displayed by our two characters own private struggles. Placed intermittently throughout the novel, three different scaffold scenes show various stages of guilt, and, in a way, its progressive torture over time. In the first scaffold scene, placed at the very beginning of the novel, main character, Hester Prynne mounts the scaffold to serve her ignominy. Then, in the next scene, Dimmesdale’s concealed guilt is shown when he stands atop the platform in the dead of night with his fellow adulterer and secret child. Finally, readers witness Dimmesdale’s transformation from concealed to revealed guilt in th e last scaffold scene, in which he finally confesses to his sin. Based upon these three separate instances, you can see the pain, suffering, and damage that guilt can instill on a person, and how the scaffold reveals this. Literary classic, The Scarlet Letter, set in the middle of the seventeenth century in Boston, Massachusetts, begins with a beautiful, elegant woman, bearing the name Hester Prynne, being escorted out a town prison and onto the town scaffold. With her, she carries her illegitimate child, conceived outsideShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Scarlet Letter 1434 Words   |  6 Pages Dark romanticism is defined as emphasizing the fatality and proclivity of sin and guilt. This new subgenre explores the conflict between good and evil and later reveals the psychological effects it has on one s body. Many works of literature have used elements of dark romanticism such as the novel â€Å"The Scarlet Letter† written by Nathaniel Hawthorne. Hawthorne s novel illustrates dark romanticism and the effects it has on characters such as Dimmesdale, Chillingworth and Hester Prynne. It is clearRead MoreWhat Is the Moral of the Scarlet Letter? Essay952 Words   |  4 Pages Nathan iel Hawthorne is famous for his long fictional work the scarlet letter in 1850, which is still considered as the most important work of him. The scarlet letter involves the presence of facts and figures to support the text and also includes the fictional work in the text. Hawthorne was actually inspired from the manuscripts he got in the custom house in Salem while he was working as an executive officer or the surveyor in custom house where the taxes are paid, their he foundRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter869 Words   |  4 Pagesand believes that evil can overtake good. In The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne employs elements of Romanticism and symbolism to communicate the idea that sin and guilt have psychological effects which can turn into physical and mental manifestations. Hawthorne utilizes the romantic element of the focus on the individual to examine the effects of sin and guilt on Hester. Hester commits adultery, and is punished by being forced to wear a scarlet ‘A’, which is the symbol of the sin she committedRead MoreGuilt And Shame In Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter1401 Words   |  6 PagesGuilt and shame, we all know these emotions, they put your stomach in knots, a burning feeling in your face, and make your hands shake as you shrink deep into yourself. Guilt and shame influence your decisions, perspective, and even your physical state after a prolonged period of time. Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter excellently represents the effect these emotions have on a person. The Scarlet Letter, which is set in 1644 Puritan Boston, dabbles with sin, guilt, and redemption through theRead MoreGuilt in the Scarlet Letter and the Crucible Essay995 Words   |  4 PagesScarlet Letter/Crucible Essay The presence of guilt has been felt by all human beings. As guilt grows in a persons life it eventually begins to have a deteriorating effect on the individual. In both The Scarlet Letter and The Crucible more than one of the characters are experiencing some form of guilt and the effects of the publics opinion on their own personal sins. Each characters guilt originates from a different personal problem and with each characters guilt comesRead More The Lasting Effect of Sin and Guilt on Hester and Dimmesdale1451 Words   |  6 PagesWithout an honorable reputation a person is not worthy of respect from others in their society. In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s novel, The Scarlet Letter, the struggle to shake off the past is an underlying theme throughout the novel. Characters in this novel go through their lives struggling with trying to cope with the guilt and shame associated with actions that lost them their honorable reputation. Particularly, Hawthorne shows the lasting effect that sin and guilt has on two of the main charactersRead MoreStereotypes in the Scarlet Letter1441 Words   |  6 Pagesnovel The Scarlet Letter that some dogmatic attempts by society to label a person by his or her actions in the past will fail. Subjectivity across the community and throughout time changes the meaning of a symbol society implements to control an idea. The scarlet letter â€Å"A† Hester Prynne we ars exemplifies this. The town wants the object to arouse feelings of ignominy towards Hester; however, not everyone who meets Hester interprets it the same way. The town originally regards the letters as a significationRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter1187 Words   |  5 PagesPuritanism in Red Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter shows the early view of Puritanism by concentrating on sin, guilt, and its effects on society. Nathaniel Hawthorne conveyed a dark and romantic style of writing in â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†, impacting the society by focusing on the concepts of romanticism. The Scarlet Letter is considered a classic book and is still read today. Nathaniel Hathorne was born in Salem, Massachusetts on July 4, 1804. He was the son of Nathaniel and Elizabeth ClarkRead MoreEssay on Guilt In The Scarlet Letter And The Crucible987 Words   |  4 PagesThe presence of guilt has been felt by all human beings. As guilt grows in a person’s life it eventually begins to have a deteriorating effect on the individual. In both The Scarlet Letter and The Crucible more than one of the characters are experiencing some form of guilt and the effects of the public’s opinion on their own personal sins. Each character’s guilt originates from a different personal problem and with each character’s guilt comes a different reactionRead MoreSimilarities And Differences Between The Crucible And The Scarlet Letter1111 Words   |  5 Pagesresulting in the loss of control and power over the people. The Scarlet Letter written by Nathaniel Hawthorne and The Crucible by Arthur Miller depict those same societal issues. The Scarlet Letter explains the consequences, that a women has to face on her own after she committed adultery in a Puritan society. The Crucible follows the Salem witch trials and the mass hysteria of the people in, an also, Puritan society. Both The Scarlet Letter and The Crucible had a similar puritan society and way of questioning

Perception Of Authority - 796 Words

Nil Patel Perception of Authority An instance of travel on the most elementary level is a journey to another location. In Home and Harem, Inderpal Grewal identifies travel as an institution of England. The voyage to new territories had sparked a new era filled with new opportunities and ideals in the European continent. Most importantly travel became an agent of English nationalism and was a key aspect in rise of imperialism. To expand England’s domain of influence became a collective journey and eventually being a subject of England was equivalent to being imperialist. For people that could not travel, the guidebook acted as the object of mediation between authority and those it was imposed on (105). At the Metropolitan Museum, the Egyptian exhibit is also represented under a certain niche monitored by authority. The â€Å"spectator culture† may vary based on prior knowledge, but the carefully fabricated environment showcases how the controller authorizes representation within their domains. There is an unsettled discussion on the pertinence of imperialism to all classes in England. While some consider it just a concern of the nobility others link it to the manifestation of newborn nationalism and patriotism in all classes beginning from the mid-19th century. John Mackenzie in Propaganda and Empire and Imperialism and Pop Culture introduces the concept of â€Å"generalized imperial vision† as a counterview to the discussion. He sees classes as formations that are predetermined.Show MoreRelatedOrganizational Culture And Its Effect On Individual Perception Of Authority, Behavior, And Learning945 Words   |  4 Pagesimportant as to reflect the intentions and direction that an organization is heading. Weak, toxic cultures could be the ruin of any organization. In order to change culture, it is especially vital to grasp the nuances of its effect on individual perception of authority, behavior, and learning. Thus, this paper utilizes the readings in this session to di scuss and analyze organizational culture as well as the dynamic characteristics that create and perpetuate such cultures. Organizational Culture In orderRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System1305 Words   |  6 Pagesgoverning authorities, for there is no authority except that which God has established. God has created the authorities that exist. Consequently, whoever rebels against the authority is rebelling against what God has instituted, and those who do so will bring judgment on themselves. For rulers hold no terror for those who do right, but for those who do wrong. Do you want to be free from fear of the one in authority? Then do what is right and you will be commended. For the one in authority is God’sRead MorePresidential Power And Presidential Authority1487 Words   |  6 Pagesgrants them with both authority and power. However the authority and power that come from this are two vastly different things. Presidential power is as Neustadt defines the power to persuade with the effect of creating legislation, where as presidential authority is the formal and figurative duties granted in the constitution. Preside ntial power is akin to what specific action is chosen, and presidential authority are the perceivable routes of action. Presidential authority acts as the base for presidentialRead MoreDifferent Aspects Of Criminal Justice914 Words   |  4 Pagesprofessionals must act with integrity (Hendrix, 2013). Acting with integrity will ensure the approval of God. This is reiterated in Romans when it says, â€Å"For rulers are not a terror to good conduct, but to bad. Would you have no fear of the one who is in authority? Then do what is good, and you will receive His approval† (Romans 13:3, English Standard Version). Law enforcement officials have the power to stop evil and have been commanded by God to accomplish this task. Although they cannot remove evil, theyRead MorePublic Adherence And Compliance With Law Enforcement Essay1516 Words   |  7 Pagespublic adherence and compliance with law enforcement. Moreover, public perceptions of, and experiences with the police have played a critical role in police effectiveness (Beck et al. 1999), and in order for police to prosper and adequately function, they require public support. To date, there have been adequate research and investigations conducted on the level of confidence and general public perception on the police. Perceptions were based on police ability to respond to and fight crime, maintainingRead MoreThe Popularity Of Healthy Food And Poor Nutrition777 Words   |  4 Pagesthe increasing importance placed on healthy living and nutrition in America it raises the question, Why do so many people face diseases related to poor nutrition? Several factors are thought to be attributes to the correlation of the consumer’s perception of healthy food and poor nutrition. The most significant factor being the proliferation of claims on food packaging that gives a misleading picture of a products healthfulness. â€Å"Current food labeling practices include both actual misbranding andRead MoreAnimal Farm A nd Fahrenheit 4511662 Words   |  7 Pagesappearance of a particular object or individual, where in actuality, they depict certain ideas that are considerably more elaborate than just its physical attributes. Throughout all three texts, the competence of how authority figures are characterized, aids in forming people’s perceptions which has a compelling influence on who attains ascendency. In the allegorical novella, Animal Farm by George Orwell, it conveys Orwell s perspective regarding communism during the Russian Revolution through an accountRead MoreThe Classics Of Organization Theory1321 Words   |  6 Pagesorganizations. This is what he describes as the â€Å"The Iron Law of Oligarchy.† This is where the masses, are ruled by the few leaders in an organization. Communication is controlled and not shared with those of lower stature, and all decision and authority is held at the highest level. In the military, there are officers that display these types of l eadership traits. It is normally seen in either younger officers who have not been in leadership positions, or senior officer who have been staff officersRead MoreThe Feminist Criticism Of Antigone Essay1703 Words   |  7 Pagesfeminist criticism approach evaluates how sexual identity impacts the creation and perception of literary pieces of art. It was originally an offshoot of the feminist movements but has currently employed certain approaches, such as the Masculinity approach, which is advocated by Robert Bly. Feminist criticism takes a primary role in articulating the patriarchal perceptions that have dominated the Western thought. The perceptions have consciously or unconsciously resulted in literature which is full of rawRead MoreEthical Leadership Styles As Tools For Influencing Organizational Culture751 Words   |  4 Pagesanalyze different leadership models under the different cultures to select one that works best. Selecting a leadership model that works across cu ltures is a challenging preposition, one that will be address in this paper. Perception of use of power, influence, and authority â€Å"Authority is generally seen as a special form of power, which refers to the ability to influence outcomes through force, coercion or persuasion, and through legitimate or non-legitimate means. Power is typically understood as a

Maquiladora Industry Free Essays

In this paper I will discuss the history and practices of the Maquiladora industry. I will discuss its background, its problems, the benefits it offers to United States companies, and the impact the NAFTA has and will have on the industry. In addition, I will make a suggestion on a possible strategy the Maquiladoras can adopt in order to address the challenges brought on by the NAFTA, to ensure it remains a strong force in the future. We will write a custom essay sample on Maquiladora Industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now Mexican agricultural workers had been granted temporary work visas allowing them to work in the United States† agricultural industries through a program called the Bracero Program until 1965 when this program was terminated. As a result of this termination, the unemployment rate had exceeded 70% in certain border cities. In May of 1965 the Border Industrialization Program was established as a replacement for the Bracero program. It was later renamed the Maquiladora Program. The program was established by the Mexican government to provide employment for Mexico†s rapidly growing population along its border with the United States. This program was utilized to keep Mexicans from entering the United States. The idea was that Mexican workers would be kept on the Mexican side of the border if they were given factory jobs on the Mexican side. The Maquiladora program also wanted to attract foreign manufacturing facilities, technology, and know-how by giving a permanent tax holiday to manufacturing companies that would set up â€Å"twin plants† on the Mexican side of the border. In the beginning of the program, all foreign-owned operations had to be located within a 20-kilometer strip along the US-Mexican border. Since 1972 they can be located anywhere in Mexico. In 1996 there were around 2,500 Maquiladoras – 35% of them were located in the interior states of Mexico. Last year there were over 3,000 and more and more of these operations are being located outside of the border regions. Each of Mexico†s 31 states has at least one Maquiladora. Maquiladoras, also referred to as â€Å"in bond† or â€Å"twin† plants, are allowed to temporarily import into Mexico (free of tax) machinery, equipment, replacement parts, raw materials, and just about anything that was used in the assembly or manufacture of semi-finished or finished products. Once assembled or manufactured, the Maquila products must be exported unless special permission is obtained to sell a limited amount of output in the Mexican market. When these products are imported back to the United States, import duties are levied on the foreign value-added only. If Maquila products stay in Mexico, the are subject to applicable Mexican duties. The largest issue surrounding the Maquiladora industry is the exploitation of cheap labor. The working conditions are often unsafe, workers are not compensated adequately for their labor, attempts to unionize are discouraged; and sexual discrimination and harassment are too common. The conditions in and outside the Maquiladoras are terrible. Workers perform tasks such as welding without protective masks, leather gloves, or goggles (in many instances) and industrial accidents and toxic exposures are common. This, along with malnutrition caused by low salaries, produce skin illnesses, cancer, irregularities in menstruation, abortions, tumors, intoxication and birth of undernourished or disabled babies. Of the employees, many are young girls and women ranging from the ages of 14 to 20. They work 6 days a week in 10-hour shifts. The average weekly salary for a Maquiladora worker is US$35 – $45 even though the average monthly rent for a house with public services such as running water and electricity is around $200 a month. For the most part, Maquiladoras are unorganized. In those that are organized, state-controlled unions represent the workers. Although some companies are unionized on paper, the unions, for the most part, function to reinforce management policies rather than for the benefit of workers. Then there are what are called â€Å"phantom† unions. These unions do not fight for the worker†s rights. The workers do not even know them and have never seen their union leaders. When a conflict arises in a factory, management informs the worker that their unions have accept these or those conditions. Not only are they not protected by existing unions, those that attempt to unionize and are often threatened or bribed by plant managers and the government. In many companies, discrimination against and harassment of the female employees is very common. Female job applicants are required to produce urine samples to be used for pregnancy test, while some have company doctors and nurses examine the applicants or ask confidential information concerning their contraceptive practices. This is done because pregnant women are refused employment. Sexual harassment is often the rule rather than the exception. Rapes occur frequently and few are reported because women fear being fired or blacklisted. Shame and humiliation also keep them quiet. In Mexico, men and women are equal before the law, but the law does not recognize discrimination as a problem to be solved. The Pollution Brought on by the Maquiladoras The increased pollution, accompanied by the dumping of tons of hazardous wastes, poses a serious health threat to the residents of Mexico as well as the resident of the bordering US states. There are several canals that are â€Å"black† with chemical wastes that have been measured at levels that greatly exceed permissible standards. One factory was caught dumping drums of paint, solvents, and shellac into a drain. In other areas there are abandoned lead smelters and air full of soot and dust from brick-making ovens and smoldering tire dumps. Main Advantages for the United States† Companies For the United States companies this was a great advantage since Maquiladoras operates at very low costs in places where the currency is weaker than the dollar–such as Mexico. The less a currency is worth, the more relative value the dollar has. Since Mexico†s peso is relatively week, companies can trade their dollars for pesos with which they pay workers and expenses. The products they manufacture, however, are sold for dollars, increasing their profits by huge margins whenever the local currency falls. They could enhance competitiveness, reduce their costs, and maintain quality by placing their labor-intensive operations in the less developed Mexico, benefiting from the lower wage rates there. For many US companies, manufacturing in Mexico has become necessary to battle overseas competition. Since many manufacturers are moving to â€Å"just-in-time† inventory systems, the quick delivery possible from Mexico†s border towns offers a substantial advantage over Asian alternatives. The NAFTA†s Impact on the Maquiladora Industry Traditionally, Maquiladoras offered foreign businesses several advantages over other forms of direct foreign investment. Since the signing of NAFTA, however, many of these advantages are either being phased-out or granted to all Mexican companies. The most significant advantages of operating as a Maquiladoras include: 100% foreign investment, operation without ownership of assets, tax sheltering of cost centers, and 100% duty-drawback or waivers for temporary imports. Furthermore, the NAFTA attempted to address the labor exploitation and environmental problems associated with the Maquiladora industry. One of the benefits of the Maquiladora program is 100% foreign investment of Mexican operations, which formerly was not allowed. However, Mexico†s Foreign Investment Law has changed through the years (most significantly in 1989 and 1994)-full investment is now allowed in most business ventures. Operation Without Ownership of Assets Another advantage that Maquiladoras have is that they can receive production materials and capital goods as loans from their parent and client companies. As a result, most Maquiladoras have little of no inventory of fixed assets, eliminating the need to pay the Mexican asset tax of 2% of all assets. In January 1995, the Mexican IRS reported that Maquiladoras would now have to factor the depreciation of â€Å"loaned† assets in price-transfer calculations, which is the first step toward phasing-out this advantage by 2001. When Maquiladoras are structured as cost center (providing manufacturing services for a foreign parent) the foreign corporation has traditionally paid the Mexican company for operating costs plus negligible profit. By doing this they avoid Mexico†s 34% corporate income tax, 10% mandatory profit sharing, and asset taxes. Now the Mexican IRS is changing the way Maquiladoras must declare assets. Over the next few years, Maquiladoras will be forced to raise their declared profit percentage to a rate that is comparable to that of two unrelated companies performing the same transaction at â€Å"arm†s length†. This is the type of transfer pricing procedure that is implemented by most trading blocks, like the EC. It will soon be effect throughout North America. 100% Duty-Drawback or Waivers for Temporary Imports Maquiladoras have always allowed Mexican companies 100% duty drawback or waivers in imported components that are exported as final goods. Since 1994, this has provided many Maquiladora programs a way to use non-NAFTA materials within products without the need to pay the corresponding duties over those materials when importing or exporting goods to other NAFTA nations. On January 1, 2001, Maquiladoras that manufacture goods for export to NAFTA partner countries will no longer be allowed to take the waiver. The waiver will still be available for goods that are going to non-NAFTA countries. In 1995 the NAFTA†s of Labor created the National Administrative Office (NAO) as well as the North American Agreement on Labor Cooperation (NAALC). Both were intended to stop labor abuses. The NOA was established to monitor labor complaints that NAFTA critic†s voice regarding unfair labor practices. The NAO can recommend â€Å"ministerial consultations† as well as imposed heavy sanctions against Mexico. Unfortunately, the side agreements proved useless. The NOA cannot force Maquiladoras to allow unions-the most they can do is recommend â€Å"ministerial consultations.† Sexual harassment and discrimination continues as well. The NAFTA has also created side agreements covering the environment. One of them is the North American Development Bank (NAD Bank). Its purpose was to finance wastewater treatment projects along the border in the poorer communities. However, the most important criteria that needed to be met in order to receive funds were meeting certain market considerations. With this program NAFTA â€Å"encouraged† growth without regard for the environment through its practice of placing market consideration above environmental protection. Another is the Commission for Economic Cooperation (CEC). The CEC was established to investigate governmental non-enforcement of environmental laws. Unfortunately it has no power to enforce ,they can only investigate-and they can†t even do that until Mexico collects the data on the pollution for them. Possible Strategy for the Maquiladora Industry As long as the Mexican currency is weaker than the US dollar I don†t think that the changes are going to dramatically effect the flow of US companies to the south. However, the Maquiladora industry cannot count on this for continued growth. By the year 2001 the Maquiladora industry as we know it now will have significantly changed when the phasing out is complete. Maquiladoras will no longer be â€Å"tax break† establishments; they will be just like other foreign investments. In order for them to fully compete in the near future they must become more efficient and leaner. The impact of globalization is forcing manufacturers to produce more rapidly and cheaply than ever before and to continuously improve. Because there will be no differentiation between the non-Maquiladora and Maquiladora industries I feel the inefficient producers will be wiped out. Therefor, Maquiladora employees will need better training, education, incentives as well improved working conditions and hi gher wages. Operations will also have to be streamlined in order to reap the benefits of economies of scale and scope. In addition, Mexicans as well as US citizens will start to demand more accountability from the Mexican government and the Maquiladora industry. They need to be more responsible for their actions. What will the U.S. corporations do when human rights activists and environmentalists start lobbying and protesting on their US sites? Do they want to risk losing their shareholders to this type of negative attention? How to cite Maquiladora Industry, Essay examples

The Heart Essay Research Paper The HeartIntroductionYou free essay sample

The Heart Essay, Research Paper The Heart Introduction You need your bosom for all your organic structure needs. It pumps about 2000 gallons of blood a twenty-four hours. It takes about 20 seconds for blood to make every cell in the organic structure. An arteria carries blood out from the bosom. A vena carries blood back to the bosom. An mean grownup bosom weighs about 10-13 ounces ( 300 to 350 gms ) . The rate which the bosom pumps varies depending on what your making. When at rest the bosom pumps more easy. When you run the bosom rate additions to supply musculuss and other tissues with extra O they need. The typical bosom rate is 72 beats per minute. Each round gives out 2-3 ounces of blood pumped into the arterial system. At this bosom rate it beats about 104,000 times a twenty-four hours. The Superior and Inferior are the biggest venas in the organic structure. The Superior is truly the biggest. These venas have a batch of C dioxide and have oxygen-poor blood. The aorta is the biggest arteria in the whole organic structure. Which will be covered in the study. The pneumonic vena takes the blood out of the bosom and takes it to the lungs. Today we will speak about many different parts of the bosom: The Three Layers of Muscle, Atriums, Ventricles, Systole and Diastole, Treatments for the Heart, Valves, and many Diseases. The Three Layers of Muscle The bosom has three beds of a muscular wall. A thin bed of tissue, the pericardium covers the exterior, and another bed, the endocardium, lines the interior. The myocardium is the in-between bed and is the biggest of all. Myocardial Infarction is a disease subsequently read about in this study. The pericardium is a hempen pouch which is really smooth liner. In the infinite infinite between the pericardium and visceral pericardium is a little sum of fluid. This fluid makes the motion of the bosom muscles smooth. Myocardium is the bosom musculus itself. Atriums The right atrium is a low force per unit area pump that moves blood into the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve. The atria are the two upper Chamberss of the bosom. The right atrium receives blood from the venas which is low in O and high in C dioxide ; this blood is so transferred to the right lower chamber, or right ventricle, and is pumped into the lungs. Ventricles The ventricle is a muscular chamber that pumps blood out of the bosom and into the circulatory system. Right Ventricle The right ventricle has a thicker and stronger muscular wall than the right atrium. The right ventricle pumps the oxygen-poor blood through the pneumonic valve into the lungs where blood gives up C dioxide it has carried from tissues. At the same clip blood absorbs O. From the lungs pumping action moves blood to a having chamber on the other side of the bosom. The left atrium, gently pumps the blood to the left ventricle through the mitral valve. Left Ventricle The left ventricle gives a powerful pumping action to direct the O enriched in blood into the aorta. The aorta is the chief arteria which subdivides and delivers the blood to the organic structure # 8217 ; s tissues including encephalon, variety meats, and appendages. Systole and Diastole Systole is the contraction of the ventricles of the bosom which forces blood out. Diastole is the relaxation of ventricles to let blood to come in. Treatments for the Heart Angioplasty is a technique used to clear arterias that have become blocked with fatty sedimentations. Angiography is used to x-ray the blood vass. Valves In the bosom there are two valves that prevent backflow of blood from the ventricles into the atria. On the right side of the bosom is the tricuspid valve, composed of three flaps of tissue ; on the left is the two-piece mitral valve. Disease Congenital Disorders Scope of minor to serious inborn upsets are really apparent at or shortly after birth. Ventricular Septal Defect Ventricular Septal Defect is most common for bosom deformity. An infant born with a defect has an gap between the lower Chamberss ( ventricles ) of its bosom so there is an increased blood flow from the left side to the right side because the left side has more force per unit area than right side. The lungs at this province are under really high in force per unit area. Treatment for this disease depends on it size of defect. About 30 % -50 % of little defects near spontaneously during the first twelvemonth of life. Artrial Septal Defect Atrial Septal defect is a gap which is high in the bosom between the upper Chamberss ( atria ) . This disease is more common in female babies than in male babies, and it frequently occurs with kids who ha ve Down syndrome. Disorders of Heart Rate and Rhythm The control mechanism for bosom rate involves electrical urges. One of the four Chamberss, right atrium, contains group cells called fistula node. The fistula node Acts of the Apostless as a pacesetter, which produces electrical urges that signal the musculus of the bosom to spread out and to contract in the pumping rhythm. The bosom rate of a human can acquire up to 200 beats a minute if you exert yourself. If something goes incorrect with the fistula node and normal tempo of bosom is disturbed or bothered, one of a figure of rhythmic upsets can go on. Too rapid or fast of a pulse is called tachycardia, and excessively slow of a pulse is called bradycardia. The bosom can besides be affected by baccy or usage of other drugs. Heart Arrhythmias Here are some marks of this disease: None, skipped pulses, light- headedness, thorax uncomfortableness, and shortness of breath. If the beat of bosom round is disturbed job is arrhythmia. You possibly unaware of the job. Heart Murmurs Heart mutters can be heard by a doctor as a soft hushing sound which follow the normal sounds of bosom action. Heart murmurs can state you if that blood is leaking out through a valve and can signal a serious bosom job. Heart mutters can sometimes repair themselves. Myocardial Infarct Myocardial infarction is a disease of myocardium musculus in the bosom. Heart musculus and it # 8217 ; s liners can acquire a disease for case myocardial infarction. You might non hold done anything incorrect even though, but it still could go on. Myocardium gets blood from the coronary arteria. When non plenty blood reaches the this musculus it is called myocardial infarction. It is normally rare, but it can damage the bosom musculus really severely. Cardiomyopathy Here are some marks for this disease: short times of fast pulses, shortness of breath, failing, thorax hurting, fainting, and unstable keeping. Fluid keeping is besides known as redema. Redema means swelling of organic structure tissues due to excessive fluid. When the musculus of the bosom is damaged or faulty it could take to a disease known as myocardiopathy. This could go on by bacteriums or expansion of the wall. Diseases and Disorders for Heart Valves Each valve consists of 2 or 3 thin creases of tissues. When closed valve prevents blood from fluxing to the following chamber or from returning from the old one. When a valve gap is narrowed and flow through is limited, the status is stenosis. Each valve may be capable to stricture or obstructor. In some instances a valve will lose its form or droop ( prolapsus ) or fail to shut which causes a back flow of blood ( regurgitation ) could besides be caused by infection or inborn jobs. Tachycardia Tachycardia occurs usually during and after exercising or during emphasis and represents no danger to healthy persons. In some instances, nevertheless, tachycardia occurs without evident cause.The bosom can crush every bit many as 240 times per minute in tachycardia. Tachycardia can be ended by lying down. Vascular System and Diseases of It The vascular system consists of blood vass in the organic structure. The vass become smaller as they extend further from the bosom. The aorta delivers its flow to big arterias into smaller vass. Arterioles supply bantam capillaries which nourish tissues. Oxygen is traveling from the capillaries to the tissues, and C dioxide from tissues taken up into the capillaries. Arteries have to be strong every bit good as flexible because of the force per unit area of the blood being pumped through the venous system. Veins get bigger when they get closer to the bosom. Disorders of Blood Vessels A disease or a upset for the blood vass can be fatal. Coronary Artery Disease The coronary arterias supply and keep the myocardium. Coronary artery disease can do a bosom onslaught or high blood pressure when blood vass get little or filled up with cholesterin, cicatrix tissue, or Ca. Other jobs can go on besides. For case upsets for the bosom valves or for the bosom musculus and pericardium. Decision The bosom is something you need every twenty-four hours you can # 8217 ; t live with out it. Exercise, eat a balanced diet, and ever have medical examinations. People don # 8217 ; t believe a medical examination will truly make anything, but believe it because it will. You might non cognize you have something incorrect with your bosom or something else in your organic structure and so you might acquire sick. So, Don # 8217 ; t eat junky nutrients excessively frequently. Keep your bosom safe and healthy every bit long as you can. Today I have talked about the bosom and many other things every bit good such as the diseases of the bosom, the vascular system, and more.

School Violence Essay Example

School Violence Essay Concepts of juvenile delinquency and school violence are intrinsically related. School violence is a practical reflection of the processes encompassed with term â€Å"juvenile delinquency.† From the critical standpoint, juvenile delinquency or engagement of young individual in criminal behavior starts in most times at school. The public’s concern about violence in schools has been illustrated in media stories, congressional testimony, and numerous studies and reports that vividly underscore the pervasiveness of the problem. Nowhere, however, is the magnitude of the nation’s concern about school violence reflected more urgently than in Goal 6 of the Goals 2000: Educate America Act adopted by Congress and signed into law by President Clinton in March 1994. Goal 6 states that â€Å"by the year 2000, every school in America will be free of drugs and violence and will offer a disciplined environment conducive to learning.† The supporting narrative for this goal states that â€Å"no child or youth should be fearful on the way to school, be afraid while there, or have to cope with pressures to make unhealthy choices† (USDE, 1993). However, it is evident that many of the statements proclaimed in the Act are not fulfilled, and juvenile delinquency and school violence are still connected in a dangerous tandem. Atkins (1994) indicates that 100,000 guns are transported to the school every day. Besides, during each year three million crimes take place near or inside of public schools. As a result, there are numerous examples of new â€Å"safety rules† that were made for elimination of hiding weapons or for constraining excess interaction between the students. For example, in some school in Washington State there are no more lockers; in California some require transparent backpacks; some another forbids handshakes between the teams. Problem of juvenile delinquency as well as of school violence existed along ago; it exists nowadays and will probably exist for a long time in the future. As every conflict, school violence also has its own causes and ways of solution. School violence is caused by the number of things. According to Atkins (1994), children violence in schools usually has two major causes. The first one is the increase in number of violence in movies and television that children watch. The examination of this educational conflict, that was made by the American Psychological Association, reports that American children see about eight thousand murders on the television and around one 100,000 of other violent performances before they start attending junior high school. Importantly, yet more violent acts are depicted on television, sales of video games depicting death and destruction are skyrocketing, and many rock videos show violence as a viable means of conflict resolution. We will write a custom essay sample on School Violence specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on School Violence specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on School Violence specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The second cause explains that children violence may appear as a result of poverty. Indeed, the problem of poverty is strongly connected with school violence. Poverty in families is usually neighboring with alcoholism, child abuse, bullying and agression. Moreover, many incarcerated adolescents are characterized as having behavioral and emotional problems that would qualify them for special education or residential treatment programs. Nelson and Rutherford (1989:10-11) indicated that 77% of incarcerated students receiving special education services were behaviorally disordered. Many publications present horrifying statistics on violence in the United States. The Carnegie Quarterly report states that â€Å"nearly one million adolescents between the ages of twelve and nineteen are victims of violent crimes each year† (Hechinger, 1994:5). Marion Wright Edelman tells that an American child is killed every two hours by guns, and thirty more are injured each day (Edelman, 1994). The figures vary some from report to report, but they are never less than appalling. Sociologists, educators, and others who study the phenomenon of violence blame it variously on poverty, doing poorly in school, lack of social skills, hopelessness with respect to getting a job, the influence of television and movies, and a general failure of morals in society at large. School programs aimed at reducing delinquency sometimes target one of these presumed causes for example, doing poorly in school and try to prevent violence by removing the cause. It is not at all clear that violence prevention programs are working. The Carnegie report suggests that some are, but a recent Harvard Education Letter article (1994) raises serious doubts about all such special programs. The best course of action seems to be to transform the whole school climate. In a caring climate, in a â€Å"full-service school,† violence prevention programs may add the skills and knowledge needed to resist particular forms of violence. Basically, however, students must believe that the adults in their schools and communities care about them, that their well-being and growth matter. Kids seem able to survive material poverty, and many can ignore much of the violence in the media or, at least, keep its effects to a minimum if they have continuing relationships with adults who obviously care about them. According to Atkins (1994), parents should confine television, extend their child’s social life, and make sure that any weapon is out of childrenâ⠂¬â„¢s reach. They should also teach their child how to overcome the problems themselves and discuss possible ways of solving with them. Since juvenile delinquency origins in American schools through violence and other conflicting and anti-social behavior, the understanding of the school violence is pivotal to understanding and interpreting trends of juvenile delinquency. Violence prevention strategies conducted in school setting, various couselling programs for high school students, social support programs may have significant affect on the dynamics of juvenile delinquency.

Shell Strategy Essay Example

Shell Strategy Essay Example Shell Strategy Paper Shell Strategy Paper Shell uses a broad differentiation strategy. Their business model is built on quality and differentiation which they use to set the company apart from its competitors. Shell is viewed worldwide as one of the most successful oil and gas impasses, and is consistently ranked as a top-producer in each and every field in which they partake. Shell capitalizes on their successes by staying broad throughout their endeavors and allowing no opportunity, within their given fields, to pass them by. Shell integrates both horizontally and vertically, and as a result, they hold a formidable market share of each the oil and gas industry, the energy industry, and the chemical industry. Due to their interests in these fields, Shells products are used around the world, and they therefore have a hand in Just about every market, of every kind worldwide. How valid is this strategy? Shells overall group strategy of More Upstream and Profitable Downstream, is a broad differentiation strategy and is vital for accompany such as Shell, as they must strive to be one step ahead of the competition. The essence of a broad differentiation strategy is to be unique in ways that are valuable to a wide range of customers. One industry that Shell has recently entered is renewable energy, which is considered the future of energy, and a replacement for burning fossil fuels. If Shell chooses not to enter this market, Exxon would possible capture about 50% of his market in the United States. This would create a serious disadvantage for Shell in the very near future. Although Shell is predominantly an oil and gas company, they continue to innovate and reach out to new endeavors within markets that can be closely related to their own, or sometimes completely different. Why is this strategy good? Shells strategy is good because it allows the company to work vertically and horizontally throughout the oil and gas industry. They operate a global downstream market with its Lube Oil Blending and Manufacturing Plants, Chemical Plants, and Refineries. They have a strong brand preference in the retail market. Shell has supply and trading optimization of diesel, naphtha, gasoline and kerosene throughout the world. Their operational excellence in Technology has allowed them to use its knowledge of all aspects of their business to expand into areas that it previously was not participating. The broad differentiation strategy is vital for most multinational corporations as it forces management to grow and adapt to ever changing market demands. If Shell was not broadly differentiated, then companies who are now implementing wind power or other sources of renewable energy, would sibyl be capable of forcing oil companies like Shell to a small, weak corner of the energy sector. Who doesnt want cleaner, safer sources of renewable energy? The marketing department knows the answerer this is a question, and that is why they pursue alternative energy sources Walt Trolley A strategy of multinational diversification has more built-in potential for competitive advantage than any other diversification strategy. Therefore, companies that compete multinational can pursue competitive advantage in world markets by locating their value chain activities in whatever nations prove most advantageous. Why is this strategy bad? Playing devils advocate, Shells strategy can be viewed as negative because it could possibly create a massive drain on financial resources, due to their broad reach across the industry spectrum. However, in order to conduct business in areas around the globe, and research new ideas to stay competitive, Shell and other companies should utilize a broad differentiation strategy. How is the competition going to act? Unfortunately for Shell, the competition is going to continue to do exactly what Shell is doing. Shell, Exxon, Chevron, and all of the major oil and gas companies are always going to attempt to stay one step ahead of their competitors. All of them are searching for the best clean fuels, the best sources of renewable energy, and the next innovation in their fields. The competition in this sector is fierce. Each of these companies must spend billions of dollars each year Just to stay competitive. Research, surveying, recruiting, and acquisitions are all vital aspects of Shells business and the competitors are all fighting for the same information, talents, and technological advancements. On the other hand, Shell does compete well with energy companies who offer one f the four other competitive strategies. Those who offer a focused strategy fail, as companies such as Shell typical buy them out if the ideas they have become a threat to the top producers. Low cost and best-cost strategies fail in the energy sector as well, because as everyone knows, energy is a lucrative and expensive business made profitable by the enormous profit margins put on certain products. Health Safety Environment Sustainable Development Department We received feedback and information from the Health and Safety Environment Sustainable Development Department. Our contact, Anomaly Banned, is an advisor or this department. This department has the responsibility to support Shells Business strategy and its delivery. Mostly for environmental management that underlines Shells priorities. They mitigate and manage potential environmental impacts, and identify opportunities of Shells operations and projects. In addition, they have to follow the Finance, Governance and Management, and Social Performance, Information and Management, and People Standards; they create for the entire Shell groups. I en strategy AT teen satiety department Is Adult around People, Performance Ana Progress. Their goal is to develop people by creating and maintaining an environment where people can succeed, identify strengths and improvement areas where continuous performance can be delivered, and manage risks effectively whereby progress can be made with stakeholders. Their goal is to demonstrate world class performance in their area with the partnership of all the Shell businesses. Right now, this departments core competency is committed to creating an environment in Shell where Goal Zero can be achieved. In this environment there are zero safety incidents, zero environmental incidents, and zero delays due to ejaculatory or community challenge. They must cultivate the right mindset about incidents and about their responsibility for preventing them. Since, Shell works globally, the standards set by Shell are consistent for all of the Shell business across the globe. Goal Zero, the 12-Life saving rules, etc. Are all the same regardless to what country they are working in. Group standards are used which are rules on enterprise-wide risks that require common treatment across Shell companies. Shell maintains group HOSE Performance Data that is shared with the industry. They assure their success through the Goal Zero progress and performance against key HOSE parameters of fatalities, fatal accident rate, total recordable case frequency, lost time injury frequency, total recordable occupational injury frequency against exposure hours. In order for Shell to differentiate their service from competition and to provide unique value to customers they do the following: Every Shell Company has a systematic approach to HOSE SP management designed to ensure compliance with the law and to achieve continuous performance improvement; sets targets for improvement and measures, appraises and reports performance; requires annotators to manage HOSE SP in line with this policy; requires Joint ventures under its operational control to apply this policy, and uses its influence to promote it in its there ventures; engages effectively with neighbors and impacted communities; and includes HOSE SP performance in the appraisal of staff and rewards accordingly. The major problem for this department is the environmental management. This includes: global leadership, face time, and performance. This department has trouble working and completing assignments/tasks with their international departments due to lack of actual face to face conta ct. The tasks take longer to achieve because leadership is hard to keep intact globally. The managers/leaders all have common ways to do business, but sometimes do not have sufficient input. Also included is the departments performance for improvement. Recommendations: Based on SOOT analysis, one way to resolve Shells approach to environmental management is by focusing on its Environment Strategy and Action Plan. The department can comply Ana roller regulatory Ana Internal environmental compliance in all activities. Improve and deliver prioritize environmental performance improvements in support of business execution. Be prepared for significant business environmental challenges and opportunities of the future. With this recommendation Shell can focus on this plan and clearly follow steps to increase the departments performance. Employees work globally, including the leadership teams. These teams meet to ensure alignment is consistent across the globe. There must be constant communication globally between all of Shells arms. Shells generally centralized organization could potential limit the ability of rank-and-file employees, and based on SOOT, this is a weakness that Shell should address. Decentralization their organization in certain areas will give employees the ability to react quicker to market changes, as well as adverse situations. One way to control decentralized organizations is to provide training guides and manuals. This action increases potential leadership skills for the employees to rely on when global problems occur. A program that can be developed is to rotate graduate hires in the HOSE department within the first 5 years of their career at Shell. The expectation is that this rotation will increase their knowledge of HOSE environment, and give them an appreciation or this area of the business. Then by increasing their knowledge at the beginning of their career at Shell they can learn to better lead globally and learn environmental management. This includes the opportunity to work in the Health Safety Environment Sustainable Development and in a production are of the business which will increase challenges for them at such an early time. The benefit of developing better leaders definitely outweighs the cost of rotating these new hires. It will cause training to become a longer process because rather than training in one area; there would be raining in diverse areas in order to expand employees knowledge. The diverse training will make employees better rounded and the experience they gain will aid them when they encounter different situations. We highly recommend and encourage doing what is necessary to ensure Shell assignments are properly performed by investing in tools to create more face to face time. Visits to the sites, or adding venues/rooms to the locations where it can be possible to interact through the web. Shell employees are encouraged to do what is necessary to make certain Shell assignments are properly performed. Creating a time Ramee where the leader has to communicate with the international departments to assure things are correctly done. By increasing awareness of the leader more focus will be created to the assignment because it will be managed more. The manager presence will be known and can create a better working relationship. Shell should aim to have an HOSE SP performance they can be proud of, to earn the confidence of customers, shareholders and society at large, to be a good neighbor and to contribute to sustainable development globally. Shell should identify key environmental risks and opportunities and associated reputation exposures. This includes managing the risk of onshore and offshore spills across businesses through continuous Improvements to prevention Ana response Dye preparing or spell prevention in operational environments, which is in line with their commitment to pursue the goal of no harm to people; protect the environment; use material and energy efficiently to provide products and services; respect neighbors and contribute to the societies in which it operates; develop energy resources, products and services consistent with these aims; publicly report on performance; play a leading role in promoting best practice in the industries; manage HOSE and SP taters as any other critical business activity; and promote a culture in n which all n Shell employees share this commitment. The Health Safety Environment Sustainable Development Department has a fantastic way of ensuring the safety of all shell personnel. The department has high standards thus create Goal Zero, which are now used at all global offices. The pitfalls are the lack of leadership globally due to low face to face time and department performance. By generating more awareness towards leaders and increasing their leadership skills, this problem can be reduced slowly. As well as improving performance by creating a plan to be aware of regulatory improvements during business execution. In addition to commit to the goals that can create better The Supplier Management Department In the Supplier Management Department, they contract solutions and supply automated ways of coordinating key supplier relationships. Ms. Patricia Isaac was our interviewee, whose Job title is Cost Management Analyst, has been working for Shell for 8 years. Her responsibilities include Contracting Procurement to drive lower cost of supply through Enterprise Category Management. The Supplier Management Department delivers their services to all Shell business and their functions to drive lower supply cost through knowing their commercial suppliers with an execution of a focused mindset. They find automated ways of working (Contracts, Contractor HOSE, and Systems Processes), coordinate key supplier relationships across the Group and delivers SMS through the businesses and for the Functions and P Own Spend. In order to follow policy they receive guidance from the Supply Chain Model of Business Needs, Supply chain Cost Models, with this they comprehend the cost and value driver in Supply Management to identify opportunities so that the cost can be removed and have value added for Shell. They emphasize the guidelines of their contract management plan, in order to continue to define the expectation they need to fulfill with Shell in order to continue working with diverse segments. The overall strategy of the Supplier Management Department is to know the Business, know the Suppliers, be Commercial and execute Top Quartile performance to ensure they are a competitive differentiator for Shell. One area that is problematic in the Supplier Management Department is eliminating suppliers even Hough they meet selection criteria and not sustaining relationship with them. The current process of how the department in choosing their suppliers cuts down on the Innovation part AT Kennels strategy. I Nell procedure Is Toweling tongue teen companys market conditions and cost, and their requirements. They define and select contract type with appropriate reward and performance by tracking down mechanisms. In order to improve their performance, Supply Management needs to evaluate the suppliers proposal and continue to work with the supplier who will continue to work with them in order to pursue the optimization of distributing Hansel. The Supplier Management Department needs to consider logistical constraints and analyze the risks involved with each supplier. In order to maintain their competitive advantage, Shell must continue to assess which suppliers are keeping pace with the ever changing market. The broad differentiation strategy that Shell implements throughout the company stresses constant innovation in order to stay ahead of the imitative competitors. Shell knows that their competitors are always looking to imitate and progress before them, so it is vital that the supplier management department cut down on their potential suppliers. This will lead Shell to maintain their competitive advantage. It is our recommendation that Shell focus on their objective of ESSAY (Eliminate, Simplify, Standardize, Automate). Bringing focus in this area will assist them in interpreting which supplier can help them be more beneficial and will streamline the processes involved with getting the product to market. Failure to implement this strategy will continue to lead to inconsistent and ineffective approaches to knowing the supply side of the business and can have impact when dealing their international department. In order to increase the rive in, Shell executives must have an objective in which it they can enhance the companys competitive advantage. The set process of ESSAY is a key factor of the company to stay intact globally. Even though their process to eliminate company who do not meet Shells requirement, is already develop it needs to be strengthen in order for this area to be relevant to govern authority and be able to convert sourcing packages to Shell. The Supplier Management Department needs to have a clear contract management plan that segments and defines contract management expectations by area segments identified by Shell. In order to see the process of the effectiveness of the clear contract, receiving feedback from suppliers can improve future performance, fulfill contractual objectives, and fulfill mandatory HOSE (health, safety, security, and environment) requirements. In order to sustain the relationship with their supplier, they need to see how well established is their strategies, processes, and behaviors consistent with Shells diversity and inclusiveness. They need to work on the opportunity optimization of the suppliers relationship; the result from this is creating value in opportunities of generating more market segmentation. Ms. Isaac stated that they work to mature the supplier through the relationship stages of Proving; Performing; and Partnering with their suppliers globally. To continue the formality of the relationship they could also identify, engage, develop and sustain supplier inclusion efforts. Having both parties interest in mind can help them focus on the reduce effort of duplication and increase teen Arleen AT teen alma to enhance teen ell son s competitive advantage. At this moment, the Supplier Management Department is focusing on their Category Management and how to contract the process, improve the Global Framework Agreements and the Global Sustainable Sourcing. By improving these areas especially, the Category Management and the improvement of the agreement, can help them minimize the cost, using the effectiveness of the Cooperative Strategies will help them even the distribution of the responsibility in order to execute in the highest level of function. By supporting the strategic work of the Powering Progress Together with their suppliers it extends the enterprise by working across organizational boundaries. Continuing with their department core competencies, they delivers Project contracting solutions, sets global standard, liver benefits; attract sustain competitive advantage and benchmark top quartile performance with total quality behaviors and performance they set themselves apart from competitors. Shells HER processes, such as attraction, on boarding, retention, development of intellectual capital, and motivation can all increase Shells return on its investment in people. The HER function is responsible for putting these processes into practice in a way that delivers better business results. The HER role as a function is to provide the HER strategy and infrastructure, and to input to business strategy in a way that enables high performance and market attractiveness. The HER team contribute to the profitable and reputation of Shell. Shells HER function is aligned with Shells overall Group strategy of More Upstream and Profitable Downstream, and builds on their priority to deliver the short term imperatives of working with the businesses and functions, and ensuring delivery on identifying savings, developing the organization in a simpler and more accountable structure where there is greater speed for decision making and implementation, while building for long term impact and sustained improvement The four Shell HER Strategic Priorities are: I Strength I Weaknesses lopsidedness I Threats I I Talent Now a Sustainable Elf addressed, will meet the I Encompasses implementation IA promotion of diversity and I If left unaddressed, Shell I Future Supply I immediate talent demands of LIFO the resounding strategy I inclusiveness to help form allow not have an adequate I I I the business and address the land a focus on top quartile Score part of Shells People I pipeline of qualified recruitment I requirements I Standards. I long-term talent lymphocytes to succeed currently I I leaders. Strengthening Leadership I Reinforces the continued Shell has not developed an I Can drive the increase in Elf not reinforced, I I Deepening Professionalism I commitment to leadership I adequate succession I technical and professional I leadership will not be I I I development and deepening I pipeline. I capitally, I professional capability. I professional capability of I I I properly developed anon TN lamentations off global I and business-driven largenesss will be diminished I I I strategy. Over the long term. I Lampooning Individual I Continued emphasis on I Measured through the Shell I Continued support to I If simplification is not I laryngitiss Performance I simplifying the organization I People Survey which I business critical programs I integrated in the Tit better integrate I sometimes does not tell land strategies through laryngitis, Shell will be I I Capability on a Group wide Complete picture. I business partnering I unable to integrate Capability building. Structures work. I basis and focusing on makings Capability over its global I I I current logout, making it difficult I I LIFO current structures to I I I operate. Increased Efficiency I Released through continued I Shell struggles to Deliver Benefits Scale HER Twit global systems, it is I Effectiveness of HER Systems Standardization and I standardize and simplify I Services imperative that Shell 1 Processes Simplification of HER I most HER process globally. I I processes. Oral I become unbearable I I lover time. Continue to standardize and I I Simplify its HER processes I cost will Shells HER uses a broad differentiation strategy, which focuses on building the best talent pipeline in the industry and thereby ensuring the maintenance of its competitive edge as a technological leader. Shells HER Executive is accountable for legalizing the planned activity. Progress against the four key strategic activity areas are actively monitored and is reviewed formally on a quarterly basis by the HER Executive, and supplemented by tracking, reporting and assurance mechanisms put in place by the HER Strategy team. This focus is complemented by additional measures to ensure the management of talent, costs and headcount, assurance of Shells people standards, and continued performance in the top quartile. This strategy is valid because it is consistent with performance from previous years, and manages HER-related risks that impact individual businesses. Risk responses, in the past, have been updated to take account of plan activities to the extent they provide mitigating action to Group level and business specific HER risks. What makes this strategy work is that each key activity area owner is responsible for ensuring risks and mitigating actions are identified and maintained for their own projects. However, each HER business activity area owner must work to deliver on Talent Management, Diversity Inclusion, Leadership Development, Performance Management, Change Management and Global HER Process Execution individually. Recommendations: Talent Management The HER businesses must deliver on annual full time employment targets, ensuring they hire a more than adequate amount of graduates into the pipeline to ensure annual recruitment targets are met. Shell has a great Leadership Development Program, but in the past has had trouble with follow-up on employees who have gone through the program. Management must do better to continue the development of the employees who have completed this program by providing the opportunities/assignments needed for development to employees once identified. Shell HER must improve representation of females at the senior management level cross the globe, by ensuring a robust continued pipeline of female talent at the lower levels to draw upon. Shell HER must increase the number of diverse candidates in positions to ensure an effort to improve representation of people of color, and develop and implement appropriate plans to ensure there is a continued increase in diversity representation by targeting graduate hires at more diverse colleges when recruiting. Strengthening Leadership Developing Professionalism Shell HER should have annual talent reviews to ensure effective leadership coverage ratios exist across all the Shell regions, and develop adequate successions Lana for all management positions. This is an urgent issue for Shell because many of its top executives will be nearing retirement, and there is a major concern for adequate replacement. To assist with this issue, Shell HER should conduct annual learning reviews and develop learning strategy considerate of current/needed interventions. Shell HER must build a delivery culture by reinforcing individual accountability and active performance of its succession pipeline on a more rapid basis. Improving Individual Organizational Performance Shell HER has a new working model that it must continue to work to operational y driving the development and delivery of the HER organization and the Shell vision. To accomplish this goal, they must deliver effective HER organizational effectiveness support to newly formed leadership teams and business projects. Shell HER should also do a better Job on boarding new employees, and monitoring the consistency of the on boarding program; it appears to not have consistency in this program. Shell HER should drive a culture of accountability and performance management by ensuring a focus on safety, simplification, costs and adding value to the business. Shell HER must deliver on hiring the full time employee targets and monitoring

The French Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

The French Revolution - Essay Example The reign of terror was another characteristic event of the war (Vardalos and Letts 2009, 382). Overall the course was a bloody one that resulted in the destruction of the entire institutions and segments of the society that had once been the most influential ones in the corridors of decision making. The arrival of the likes of Maximilien Robespierre (McNeese 2000, 11), Siayes (Sieyà ¨s and Sonenscher 2003, 31), and Napoleon Bonaparte made it more significant in the context of the events that took place. Some of them were outright authoritative and reactionary in nature; others were based on the principles of recon illation of the church and concordat with the pope(Gregory 2001, 81). Overall, the revolution had taken the entire continent into its grip in direct and indirect manner. The revolution came the concepts like Equality, Liberty and Fraternity (Spicker 2006, 10) to the people and gave them a new hope to

Reaction Paper Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reaction Paper - Personal Statement Example ise in relationships between physicians and nurses are signals of absence of effective communication skills, which, in its turn, affects the attitude of patients towards nurses and the system of medical care in total. There have been multiple approaches to the issue of communication between a physician and a nurse: from the fields of cooperation, feminist studies, team psychology, cultutal perspective, organizational behavior, human factors science, etc. It has been proved that certain aspects of patient outcomes and safety are related to the level of this professional communication, and some of communication strategies in hospitals turned out to be more effective than others. So the bottom line is – communication between nurses and physicians should be improved by all means, no matter what specific method is used (in the chapter among others the author lists such methods as recognizing corporate culture, quality improvement, continuous assessment, reducing conflict etc). Pretty much all of these methods yield their results, proving effective, and there is no sufficient empirical evidence to prioritise any of them above the others. Claiming that â€Å"there is mixed or weak evidence to su pport using some of the techniques described in the cited literature†, Jean Ann Seago suggests a number of steps to be taken in the course of improving professional communication in a hospital – from evaluating strategies using measuarable outcomes and selecting the one that suits the particular organization to slow and step-by-step implementation of these strategies during a long period of

Interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Interview - Essay Example Bad is what the religion declares bad. Religion is the fundamental source of evaluation of matters and their categorization as good or bad. Likewise, right is what religion allows and wrong is what religion disallows. In case one is not able to retrieve firm decision of the religion upon a matter, one should use the common sense to decide whether an action is right or wrong. Perfection means zero mistake. Excellence is the level closest to perfection, but not perfection. Justice is what makes a system stable and sustainable. Peace/harmony is lack of conflict. Compromise and patience are required to achieve peace/harmony. The end/goal/objective of existence is worshipping of one God and living the life according to His instructions. This objective can be achieved by studying and adjusting the ways in accordance with the instructions in the Holy book and following the instructions and actions of the Prophet. Family is the basic social unit. Family is a system wherein people are related to one another and have certain rights upon and responsibilities towards one another as dictated by the religion. A community is any group of people that have some kind of shared interests. Society is the conglomerate of communities. Different communities join together to form a society. Culture is a conglomerate of the social norms, values, trends and traditions which are formed jointly by the history, religion and the geography. We learn the culture of our own society by living and growing up in it. We learn about other cultures through literature and media. Social interaction is the dealing of individuals with one another. A relationship is an interaction guided by the rights and responsibilities of the related parties towards each other. Trade is the name of exchange. Economics is the management of finances. Power is authority accompanied with responsibility. Politics is a

Witness Memory as Evidence in Criminal Trials

Witness Memory as Evidence in Criminal Trials 1. When, and why, are witnesses’ memories unreliable as evidence in criminal trials in England and Wales? Memory Memory is one’s ability to recall the past events. Memory let us explain our personal experiences and perception about anything which is occurred in past. Types Of Memory There are three types of memory Episodic Memory Episodic memory refers to our memory of special event like accident, death etc. Semantic Memory There are too many general knowledge is stored in one’s mind which comes under the semantic memory type. It also refers to the information which is stored in our mind to perform any skill. It also tells us how to perform in some repeated situation. Procedural Memory Understanding the procedural memory is rather difficult to understand and contains different kind of information. Generally it refers to series of events which occurred on numerous times. Importance Of Witness Memory Witness memory is a fuel of any investigation because it let investigator to collect information about incident but human memory is too fragile to exactly remember every moment. There are also numerous factors involved which affect witness memory that is environment factors, witness factors, stress levels of the witness/victim, weapon focus. When Witness Memory Is Unreliable As Evidence? Witnesses memories are unreliable as evidence in criminal trials in England and Wales when there is a â€Å"TurnBull† direction indicated the state of witness at the time of incident happened because so many researches has found the massive impression on the quality of information. What Is TurnBull? There are too many environmental factors which affect the memory of witness and can damage the quality and quantity of information. R. V. Turnbull guidance proposed a term ADVOKATE Amount of time one observed Distance – What was the distance between event and witness Visibility – How much the scene was clear? Obstruction – Was there anything obscuring the view? Known or seen before – If the situation was familiar? Any reason to remember – What is the reason behind to remember. Time lapse – How long the exposure of event? Error or material discrepancy – Is there any discrepancy between the fact and the description (Booklet). Why Witness State Is Unreliable In England and Wales, Evidence is not reliable, when there is a Turnbull direction in a state of witness because sometime witness rely on external help to recall the incident or he may have perceived wrongly due to distance or visibility or both (Bull, 1999) Generally people under the investigation are not ready to recall the incident currently. Many factors like fear, stress and nervousness can affect their quality of information. Sometimes they rely on external resources to feed them and they wrongly perceive the series of happening occurred at TBR events. Sometimes witness may lie for any previous dispute or grudge. Witness may be biased and can provide wrong information to affect the investigation Conclusion Since witness memory depends on lots of factors which are indicated through the famous term ADVOKATE therefore investigation should be taken with caution and every term of ADVOKATE should be properly and clearly note down. To gather worthy information from the witness, should check the witness personal preference of biasness or favoritism. It should also be checked that whether the witness is pressurized by the culprit to speak lie. What changes should be made, to the procedures for identifying suspects in criminal investigations in England and Wales, according to psychological research? Human memory is too fragile to exactly remember the incident which happened that is why interviewing the witness to identifying the suspect is rather difficult task. It can also affect by the â€Å"Turnbull† directions. Usually witness replies the interviewer in broad term and can only describe six or seven characteristics of suspect like age (Between 20-30) or height (between 5’6’’ – 5’8’’) that is why it is always difficult to get accurate knowledge about victim. The accurate information may be collected through cognitive interview but this type of interview demands too much time to conclude things. These re the reasons for which psychological research stress on the identification parade to identify the culprit. (Kapardis ebrary, 2010) Why Should Be Identification Parade Arranged? Identification parade are arranged to avoid two hurdles of identifying the culprit. Verbal Overshadowing In most of crime, during the investigation, witness is interviewed by more than one officer and provided stream of information due to which he can mix up the details which is stored in witnesses’ mind and the information he is provided by the officers about culprit. If identification parade is arranged then a witness can easily identify the suspect or the person who is somehow linked with the crime. Information To The Public Some crimes are needed to announce in public through media and police shows the picture, video or sketch of suspect in public. Sometimes a totally innocent person can be suspected and shown to public. Witnesses, after seeing the police announcement about suspect can to mix-up the faces of suspect with actual culprit. In that case, after the identification parade, officers are directed to ask witnesses whether they have seen any broadcast on media or not? Asking directly to the witness is rather strange. According to researchers, it is more appropriate to ask logically by the witness rather than directly. Changing Facial Expressions. Facial expressions of people are changed with the passage of time due to weight, tiredness, hair color or culprit can deliberately change it to be hidden from the police but if culprit is arrested for identification parade then he cannot change his facial expression and can be identified by the witness. Conclusion Investigation with witness should be deal with cautious and interviewer should know the art of interviewing to get accurate information. Investigator should avoid direct questions like was that man wearing black shirt? Or did you see blood spot on right side of window? It is recommended to ask series of questions to grab the fact like the series below. What have you seen at spot? Can you tell us the gender of person you have seen? What was he wearing? It is also recommended to setup interview as soon as possible because there is margin of memory fail. Describe the extent to which offender profiling is relied upon both in criminal investigations and in criminal trials in England and Wales.? Offender Profiling Offender profiling is a tool of investigation about the culprit with the help of evidences. Offender profiling is commonly perceive as a magical ability of investigator to put hands on the culprit. It is also called psychological profiling, criminal personality profiling, profile analysis and the offender profiling is carried by the profilers or offender profilers. Offender profiling is a psychological assessment of evidence which is collected from the crime scene. Offender profiler collects evidence from the crime scene and assess assumes the personality type which usually exhibits similar patterns (Jackson Bekerian, 1997). Aims Of Profiling The aim of profiling is to get closer to suspect and get the answer of three questions What happened at the spot of incident? What personality type can be involved in it? What personality traits can be possessed by that personality type? These questions are generally analyzed by the psychologist who are expert of their field and are outside of the police department. Limitations Of Offender Profiling Although the crime scene can reflect the personality of offender and psychiatrist put insights on it but sometimes searching the link between the crime and mental state of offender is not cleared or understandable. It is also criticized that psychologist are helpful only in the crime which are committed in extreme cases of mental illness. They are not much useful in the crimes which are not committed due to mental illness. One more criticism is usually done on clinical approach that psychologists works according to science of psychology which is remain ambiguous and has flaws in it. Understanding and evaluating complex human psyche is rather difficult task and sometimes it is understood completely wrong Conclusion Offender profiling is no doubt a significant part of crime investigation but it is also limited in a way. It restricts psychiatrist to some specific pattern of personality traits while human behavior is always complex and cannot read accurately always. It is not necessary that crime scene always show the exact pattern of behavior which culprit exhibit. Identify the key ways in which the research, into common forms of decision-error, might inform and improve practice in criminal investigations and trials? Deception Identifying someone’s lie is not easy according to research reaching correct result is tending to fall between 50 to 60 percent. The more common reason of this trend is over confidence of people in their ability to judge others. Detection Of Deception Despite of fact that deception cannot be easily caught, people also make some basic judgment errors. These judgment errors are categorized in five types. Pinocchio’s Nose There is indeed some universal signs of lying like stammering, avoid eye contact, blushing but it cannot equally apply to everybody on the earth. So these universal signals may guide to wrong direction. Erroneous Assumptions Some people thing that deception can easily be caught by facial expression or they are the master of face reading. Some people do have the ability of face reading but in general this ability is over estimated. Othello Error This type of error is actually comes in existence due to Shakespeare’s drama where Othello achieved his target by accusing Desdemona but in modern criminal justice system this error misleads because most of people became nervous and feared when the feel that they are under observation. The Plausibility Problem Plausible and implausible problems have problem to judge right because we do not believe implausible event if it is reported by some old man. Countermeasures A natural liar can deceive the interviewer after noticing the interviewer suspicion and can adjust his/her behavior accordingly. Techniques To Improve Decision Errors Scholars and researchers proposed three techniques of improving decision errors. Un- spoken deeds Lying can be judged by the entire body language which includes gestures, postures, facial expressions, voice quality etc. Some common proposed techniques of judging un spoken deeds are: Decrease in movement of entire legs till feet Decrease in hand movements Sudden increase and decrease in voice. These all assumed signs should be deal with cautious because it cannot be true in every situation like deception errors and may lead to in accurate judgment. Spoken Deeds Numerous techniques are used to judge the â€Å"REAL† of words that are written or spoken. The two most famous techniques of read between the lines are: Statement Validity Analysis (SVA) which is developed by Steller and Kohnken in 1997 which is then incorporated by Criteria Based Content Analysis (CBCA). It implies that our account is different in content and quality in case of reality or imagination. This techniques uses nineteen criteria to judge a statement. This technique is not commonly use in U.K. Physiological Methods The most common technique of physiological method is Polygraph, which measures physiological reaction like heart beat, sweating etc to check the deception. The polygraph is conducted through different sensors that are attached to the body and every physiological reaction recorded as a graphical presentation. Although polygraph is considered as very effective tool of detecting deception and has been used in different countries but it is not used in U.K. criminal justice system due to complex human nature and the fact that human behavior and their psychological reactions are vary from person to person. Conclusion To improve decision making process in U.K spoken deeds and physiological test should be considered because these two techniques have been using in different countries and showing successful results to some extent but these techniques should be used with the caution and must not be rated overly. It should be used with the understanding that human nature varies from person to person and same reactions cannot be equally applied to everybody Bibliography Booklet. (n.d.). Retrieved from Police Service Of Northern Ireland: http://www.psni.police.uk/de/public_order_8th_edition.pdf Milne, R. and Bull, R. (1999).Investigative interviewing: Psychology and practice. Chichester: Wiley.† Kapardis, A., ebrary, I. (2010). Psychology and law: a critical introduction. New York: Cambridge University Press 2010. 1 | Page

Goegraphy of Dominica :: Essays Papers

Goegraphy The geography of Dominica is quite unique. It is an island fortress unlike any other island in the Caribbean, and is the largest and most mountainous of the Windward Islands. The island was created by volcanic activity, and still today shows signs of active volcanic activity. Its steep mountains prevented colonists from completely taking over and have made the island a prime destination for Eco-tourists. The island contains over 3,000 peaks, the tallest of which are Morne Diablotin (4,747 ft) and Morne Trois Pitons (4,600ft). (www.delphis.com) The island itself is located between the French islands of Guadeloupe to the north and Martinique to the south. It is 29 miles long and 16 miles wide, and covers 290 square miles. Its exact location is approximately 15 degrees North and 61 degrees West (www.delphis.dm). The island of Dominica is home to the only surviving population of Carib Indians. This was only possible because of Dominica’s treacherous mountains. Early European colonist were not able to drive out or kill all the natives as they had done on other islands. The Caribs now live in the â€Å"Carib Territory†, a 3700-acre reservation on the northeast coast, which was given to them in 1903. The reservation has a chief and is home to between 300 – 3000 Caribs (the exact number of Caribs is hard to determine because without detail genealogy records it hard to prove or disprove that someone actually is a Carib). (www.delphis.dm) The recent boom in eco-tourism has made Dominica one of the premiere tourist destinations both in the Caribbean and in the world. In recent years Dominica has designated more national parks, forests and marine reserves per capita than nearly anywhere else in the world. Dominica’s largest national park is the Morne Trois Pitons National Park. It covers 17,000 acres (9% of the island), and is home to the world’s largest boiling lake. The lake is 70 yards across with an unknown depth and the lake is situated over a massive volcanic sulfur vent, which keeps the water temperature between 180 – 197 degrees Fahrenheit. The park is also home to several waterfalls over 100 feet tall. The average temperature range is between 75 and 85 degrees Fahrenheit. Average rainfall varies between 50 inches on coastal areas, and 300 inches with in the interior. The driest months are from January to June, and hurricane season which is usually between July and early October.

Philosophy of Education Essay

It was Chesterton, an English essayist, who once said that â€Å"the most practical thing about a man is his view of the universe – his philosophy† (Hocking 4).   Man’s philosophy is generally referred to as the sum of all his beliefs and views about the world which guide his actions.   His beliefs comprise all those judgments, whether they are based on convictions or impressions, which he habitually lives by. During the pre-service education and throughout the teaching career, teachers will have to face up to what it means to live and to teach in a society that gives the individual freedom to hold different beliefs and values.   In this society there seems to be no single â€Å"right† way of thinking about and doing things in education.   How teachers deal with school matters – objectives, contents, and methods – depend very much on their own individual beliefs and values.   They should be willing to take responsibility for giving their own answers to many problems they will meet in their classrooms regarding goals and values, and ways of teaching their students. 1. Organizing your classroom & materials. The teacher in the classroom is a veritable manager.   The success of the activities in the classroom depends on the ability of the teacher as classroom manager.   He is at the helm of all activities, and these activities will succeed depending on how well he can steer and guide them properly.   One of the most difficult problems that confront a beginning teacher is classroom management.   Unfortunately, he does not learn techniques of proper classroom management from books.   He merely gets suggestions on how to mange a class, but there is nothing like teaching experience that will really teach him all the tricks of classroom management. Hence, classroom management is one of the main concerns of teachers, administrators, and parents.  Ã‚   If the school is to live up to the community’s expectation that it is a learning-producing enterprise, the individual classrooms which comprise the school must contribute to the school’s educational productivity. Learning is the central goal of the total school operation, and teaching is the school’s basic production technique.   Effective teaching and effective learning take place in well-managed classrooms. When class time is consumed by management problems, students are the losers, for little real learning takes place.   As every teacher knows, good classroom management is one of the strongest influences on academic learning. 2. Choosing rules & procedures. A well managed classroom is hardly possible without laws, regulations, and conventions.   The classroom in itself is a society and needs its own rules and regulations to keep peace and harmony within it.   Certain classroom activities can be made automatic in the sense that they can be performed without much thought, especially when they have become habitual.   Such activities, we say, have become routinized.   It is apparent that routinizing classroom rules and procedures can help the teacher a lot in classroom management.   There are no hard-and-fast rules as to which activities can be reduced to routine.   Routinizing would depend on such factors as size of the class, the nature of students, materials available, arrangement of equipment, and the like. There are certain advantages in routinizing classroom rules and procedures and these are economy in time and effort, prevent confusion, and promote learning activity.   Much time is wasted on administrative activities that are not handled in a well-organized manner.   Activities that are repeatedly done may well be routinized so that pupils will know exactly what should be done. Some disadvantages should, however, be mentioned if routine factors are overmechanized.   If every little activity in the classroom is mechanized, no room for initiative is left to the pupils.   They may behave like automatons and certainly creativity is destroyed.   The teacher is reduced to an autocratic general and the pupils are regimented soldiers who merely wait for the chief’s signal or command.   Such a situation leads to blind obedience and acceptance of rules and procedures.   This type of atmosphere must be avoided by the teacher. Certain classroom rules and procedure, though, can be routinized so that more time can be devoted or allotted to more significant activities.   Among these activities are the roll calls, seating, handling materials and devices, classroom courtesies, and responses to the bell signals. The main goal here is to save time and effort.   Pupils should be made to understand and learn the value of time.   The old saying that time is gold should be clearly impressed on the minds of children. 3. Managing student work. One aspect of classroom management deals with managing student work.   The teacher takes full charge of the learning situation should manipulate the learner and the situation to produce the desired learning.   Managing implies arranging the learning situation so that the learner comes face to face with the stimulating problem.   While it is true that most teaching tends to foster teacher domination, manipulation, an intervention rather than the development of a genuine helping relationship, teachers can learn to dominate less and get students to participate more.   It is good practice for teachers not to repeat their questions, answer their own questions, or repeat answers of students. Some teachers tend to be autocratic or authoritarian.   Experience and research findings show that democratic teachers produce better learning results than those who dominate, control, or manipulate learning situations.   Teachers should determine the psychological needs of their students and adapt their teaching styles accordingly.   The teacher who encourages a two-way communication in the classroom insures a favorable teaching-learning climate.   To understand better the complexities of learning and classroom behavior, classrooms must be pupil centered rather than teacher centered. 4. Getting off to a good start. Getting off a good start requires careful attention to how teacher’s teach rules and procedures to their classes.   The tone of the class is set by the personal disposition that a teacher displays.   A teacher should bring a cheerful, pleasant and confident disposition to the classroom.   Once inside the room, a teacher’s face must be lit with joy to brighten the atmosphere.   Then, a teacher should take the necessary time during the first day of class to describe carefully your expectations for behavior and work.   Teachers should not be in a hurry to get started on content activities that teaching good behavior is neglected.   Rather, combine learning about procedures, rules, and course requirements with your initial content activities in order to build the foundation for the whole year program. 5. Planning & conducting instruction. Just as good classroom management enhances instruction by helping to create a good environment for learning, so too does effective instruction contribute to well-managed classroom.   With the change of emphasis on educational objectives, with the inclusion of more outcomes learning, with the focus on the child as the most important factor in the educational process, the concept of conducting instruction has likewise diversified and broadened.   In recent years, newer and more informal methods of instruction have come about.   Current practices have gradually replaced the undesirable features of so-called lesson hearing instruction.   This is due in part to the gradual acceptance of the newer philosophy of education, i.e. education is not merely a process of learning facts and storing knowledge, but it is concerned with the many sided development of the individual – social, emotional, and mental- including he ability to meet social needs. 6. Managing cooperative learning groups. Cooperative learning in mathematics is essential if math teachers are to promote the goals of problem-solving competency, ability to communicate mathematically, ability to reason mathematically, valuing of mathematics, and self-confidence in one’s ability to apply mathematics, and self-confidence in one’s ability to apply mathematical knowledge to new problem situations in one’s world.   Although competitive and individualistic assignments should at times be given (even though they place students in the role of being passive recipients of information), the dominant goal structure in math should be cooperative. There are a number of fairly simple ways teachers may begin to use cooperative learning in mathematics classes, including having students turn to their partners to decide on an answer to a question or having students work in pairs to check each other’s homework, involves far more than simply assigning students to groups and telling them  to work together. The teacher’s role in structuring learning situations cooperatively involves clearly specifying the objectives for the lesson, placing students in learning groups and providing appropriate materials, clearly explaining the cooperative goal structure and learning task, monitoring students as they work, and evaluating students` performance.   Teaching students the required interpersonal and small-group skills can be done simultaneously with teaching academic material.   In order to sustain the long-term implementation and in-classroom help and assistance needed to gain expertise in cooperative learning, teachers need support groups made up of colleagues who are also committed to mastering cooperative learning. 7. Maintaining appropriate student behavior. A number of educators have formulated some suggestions on ways to maintain good classroom student behavior.   The suggestions range from how to encourage students to behave and how to develop and maintain a positive approach to classroom management.   Some of these suggestions commonly used in the classrooms are: (1) Act as if you expect students to be orderly from the first day on; (2) Expect everyone’s attention before starting to teach.   Stop when there is noise.   Don’t teach over individual or group chatter ;(3) don’t talk too much as after a while, you lose the students` attention.   Involve the students in activities, ask questions, pose problems, etc. ;(4)   Hold students accountable for abiding by rules. 8. Communication skills for teachers. Making a lesson presentation basically requires mastery and understanding of goals, skills and criteria for effective communication.   Communication skills is also at the very core of effective teaching.   As most teacher would agree that to communicate well is to teach well.   In the skillful use of the question more than anything else lies the fine art of teaching; for in it we have the guide to clear and vivid ideas, and the quick spur to imagination, the stimulus to thought, the incentive to action. 9. Managing problem behavior. It has been stressed time and again that good classroom discipline is indispensable to an effective learning situation.   All teachers, old or young, old or new in the service, are faced with problems of discipline. It is true that some teachers can maintain better discipline than can others. It is suggested that the best approach should be positive rather than negative.   The best measure should be preventive rather than remedial.   â€Å"An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure,† so the saying goes.   This adage is exactly what should guide the teacher.   Knowing the possible causes of disciplinary problems, the teacher should strive to eliminate them. 10. Managing special groups. One of the special challenges a teacher should face is managing special groups successfully.   Of course, these groups have an impact on the management of student behavior as well as on instruction.   Experience have proven that attempting to cope with these special groups by using many different assignments, providing an individualized, self-paced program, or using small group instruction extensively in secondary school increases the complexity of classroom management, requires a great deal of planning and preparation, and require instructional materials that are not readily available.   So, rather than altering the instructional approach, experienced teachers provide for different levels of student ability by supplementing their whole-class instruction with limited use of special materials, activities , assignments, and small group work. So, to the question of which administrative procedure is most effective in managing special groups, only one answer can be given.   All ca n be effective if used with discretion and with the right children. Conclusion The teacher’s total philosophy of life cannot be separated from his philosophy of education, his learning theory, and his methods of teaching.   In other words, how he thinks about his work and the way he performs his functions as a teacher are derived from what he believes about the nature of the world, knowledge, and values. In philosophical terms, his world-view lies in the realm of the metaphysical, his knowledge-view in the epistemological, and his values in the axiological.   These are the philosophies which teachers consciously or unconsciously deal with in the teaching world. Every committed teacher tries to work out his own philosophy of education, clarifies his beliefs and ideals to make his teaching meaningful to himself and to his students.   Without a philosophy of education, the teacher will be easily swayed by fads in education.   Because his life and work involve making choices and decisions, the teacher cannot avoid having a philosophy.   Even when courses of study are dictated, he always has the freedom to decide how he will teach and to select the contents and methods of teaching.